Mycoplasma pneumoniae ibhakitiriya riri pakati pebhakitiriya nemavhairasi; harina madziro esero asi rine membrane yesero, uye rinogona kubereka roga kana kupinda nekupinda mumasero emuviri. Genome reMycoplasma pneumoniae idiki, rine majini angangoita chiuru chimwe chete. Mycoplasma pneumoniae inochinjika zvakanyanya uye inogona kuchinjika kune nharaunda dzakasiyana uye makemikari kuburikidza nekuchinja kwemajini kana kushanduka kwemajini. Mycoplasma pneumoniae inonyanya kudzorwa nekushandisa macrolide antibiotics, akadai seazithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, nezvimwewo. Kune varwere vasingadi mishonga iyi, tetracyclines itsva kana quinolones dzinogona kushandiswa.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, National Health Commission yakaita musangano nevatori venhau pamusoro pekudzivirira nekudzora zvirwere zvekufema munguva yechando, ichizivisa kuwanda kwezvirwere zvekufema uye matanho ekudzivirira munguva yechando muChina, uye ichipindura mibvunzo kubva kuvatori venhau. Pamusangano uyu, nyanzvi dzakati pari zvino, China yapinda mumwaka wekuwanda kwezvirwere zvekufema, uye zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvekufema zvakabatana uye zvakaiswa pamusoro, zvichikonzera njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu. Zvirwere zvekufema zvinoreva kuzvimba kwemukati memucosa yekufema kunokonzerwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona kana zvimwe zvinhu, kunyanya zvinosanganisira hutachiona hwepamusoro hwekufema, pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma nezvimwewo. Zvichienderana nedata rekutarisa reNational Health and Health Commission, zvirwere zvekufema muChina zvinonyanya kutungamirirwa nemavhairasi efuruwenza, pamusoro pekupararira kwezvimwe zvirwere mumazera akasiyana, semuenzaniso, kunewo ma rhinovirus anokonzera dzihwa muvana vane makore 1-4 ekuberekwa; Muvanhu vane makore 5-14, utachiona hweMycoplasma neadenoviruses zvinokonzera dzihwa zvine huwandu hwakasiyana hwevanhu vari pakati pemakore 5-14, utachiona hweMycoplasma neadenoviruses zvinokonzera dzihwa hunosanganisira huwandu hwakati hwevanhu vari pakati pemakore 15-59; muvanhu vane makore 15-59, utachiona hwerhinoviruses neneocoronaviruses zvinogona kuonekwa; uye muvanhu vane makore 60+, kune huwandu hwakawanda hwehutachiona hweparapneumovirus uye coronavirus.
Mavhairasi efuruwenza ane RNA positive-strand, anouya mumhando nhatu, rudzi A, rudzi B nerudzi C. Mavhairasi efuruwenza A ane mwero wekuchinja-chinja uye anogona kutungamira kuzvirwere zvefuruwenza. Genome yefuruwenza ine zvikamu zvisere, chimwe nechimwe chine puroteni imwe kana kupfuura. Mavhairasi efuruwenza anochinja-chinja munzira mbiri huru, imwe ndeyekudonha kweantigenic, umo shanduko dzinoitika mumajini evhairasi, zvichikonzera shanduko dzeantigenic muhemagglutinin (HA) ne neuraminidase (NA) pamusoro pevhairasi; imwe ndeyekugadziriswazve kweantigenic, umo hutachiona hwemarudzi akasiyana evhairasi yefuruwenza musero rimwe chete remugadziri hunotungamira mukudzokororwa kwemajini evhairasi, zvichikonzera kuumbwa kwemarudzi matsva. Mavhairasi efuruwenza anonyanya kutarisirwa nekushandisa mishonga inodzivirira neuraminidase, yakadai seoseltamivir nezanamivir, uye muvarwere vanorwara zvakanyanya, kurapwa kwezviratidzo uye kurapwa kwezvinetso zvinodiwawo.
Neocoronavirus ivhairasi yeRNA ine tambo imwe chete ine pfungwa yakanaka iri mumhuri yeCoronaviridae, ine mhuri ina, dzinoti α, β, γ, uye δ. Mhuri dziri pasi pe α na β dzinonyanya kubata mhuka dzinoyamwisa, nepo mhuri dziri pasi pe γ na δ dzichinyanya kubata shiri. Genome re neocoronavirus rine frame refu yekuverenga yakavhurika inokodha mapuroteni gumi nematanhatu asina chimiro uye mana echimiro, anoti membrane protein (M), hemagglutinin (S), nucleoprotein (N) uye enzyme protein (E). Kuchinja kweNeocoronavirus kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekukanganisa mukudzokororwa kwehutachiona kana kuiswa kwemajini ekunze, zvichikonzera shanduko mumajini ehutachiona, izvo zvinokanganisa kutapurirana kwehutachiona, pathogenicity uye immune escape ability. Neocoronaviruses inorapwa zvakanyanya nekushandisa mishonga inorwisa mavhairasi yakaita seridecivir nelopinavir/ritonavir, uye muzviitiko zvakakomba, kurapwa kwezviratidzo uye kurapwa kwezvinetso zvinodiwawo.
Nzira huru dzekudzivirira zvirwere zvekufema ndedzinotevera:
Kubaiwa nhomba. Majekiseni ndiyo nzira inoshanda zvikuru yekudzivirira zvirwere zvinotapukira uye inogona kukurudzira muviri kuti ugadzire dziviriro kubva kuzvirwere zvinotapukira. Parizvino, China ine mhando dzakasiyana dzemajekiseni ezvirwere zvekufema, zvakaita sefuruwenza, mushonga mutsva wekorona, mushonga wepneumococcal, mushonga wepertussis, nezvimwewo. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti vanhu vanokodzera vabaiwe nhomba nenguva, kunyanya vakwegura, varwere vane zvirwere zvinokonzeresa chirwere ichi, vana nevamwe vanhu vakakosha.
Ramba uine tsika dzakanaka dzehutsanana. Zvirwere zvekufema zvinopararira zvakanyanya nemadonhwe uye zvinosangana nevanhu, saka zvakakosha kuderedza kupararira kwezvirwere nekugeza maoko ako nguva dzose, kufukidza muromo wako nemhino yako netishu kana gokora paunenge uchikosora kana kuhotsira, kusasvipa mate, uye kusagovana midziyo.
Dzivisa nzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda uye dzisina mhepo yakakwana. Nzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda uye dzisina mhepo yakakwana inzvimbo dzine njodzi huru yezvirwere zvekufema uye dzinowanzo sangana nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Saka, zvakakosha kuderedza kushanyira nzvimbo idzi, uye kana uchifanira kuenda, pfeka mask uye gara kure nevamwe kuti usasangana nevamwe.
Wedzera simba rekudzivirira muviri. Kudzivirira muviri ndiyo nzira yekutanga yekudzivirira utachiona. Zvakakosha kuvandudza simba remuviri rekudzivirira muviri uye kuderedza njodzi yekutapukirwa nechirwere kuburikidza nekudya zvine mwero, kurovedza muviri zvine mwero, kurara zvakakwana, uye kuva nepfungwa dzakanaka.
Ngwarira kuti udziye. Kupisa kwechando kwakaderera, uye kutonhora kunogona kukonzera kudzikira kwesimba rekudzivirira muviri remudumbu rekufema, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti utachiona hupinde. Saka, ngwarira kuti udziye, pfeka mbatya dzakakodzera, dzivisa dzihwa nefuruu, gadzirisa tembiricha yemukati neunyoro panguva yakakodzera, uye chengetedza mhepo inofefetera mumba.
Tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nenguva. Kana zviratidzo zvezvirwere zvekufema zvakaita sefivha, kukosora, kurwadziwa pahuro uye kuoma kwekufema zvikaitika, unofanira kuenda kuchipatara nenguva, woongorora chirwere chacho uye wochirapa zvichienderana nemirairo yachiremba, uye usatore mishonga wega kana kunonoka kutsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba. Panguva imwe chete, unofanira kuzivisa chiremba wako chokwadi nezvenhoroondo yako yezvirwere uye yekusangana nazvo, uye kushandira pamwe naye mukuferefeta kwezvirwere uye maitiro ezvirwere kudzivirira kupararira kwechirwere.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-15-2023